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165 articles with scientific sources
Six Habits

Evidence-based guidance on food, movement, sleep and relationshipsACLM · USA

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Every peer-reviewed publication we cite, with its DOI. Each DOI has been verified through Crossref.

🥗 Nutrition

  1. Abdelhamid et al. (2020). Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020(3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub5
  2. Aburto et al. (2013). Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 346(apr03 3):f1326-f1326. doi:10.1136/bmj.f1326
  3. Afshin et al. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 393(10184):1958-1972. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
  4. Appel et al. (1997). A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure. New England Journal of Medicine 336(16):1117-1124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199704173361601
  5. Aune et al. (2017). Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 46(3):1029-1056. doi:10.1093/ije/dyw319
  6. Aune et al. (2016). Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Medicine 14(1). doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0730-3
  7. Aune et al. (2016). Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ :i2716. doi:10.1136/bmj.i2716
  8. Bao et al. (2013). Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New England Journal of Medicine 369(21):2001-2011. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1307352
  9. Bolland et al. (2018). Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 6(11):847-858. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30265-1
  10. Bouvard et al. (2015). Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. The Lancet Oncology 16(16):1599-1600. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00444-1
  11. Bull et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine 54(24):1451-1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  12. Drouin-Chartier et al. (2020). Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: three large prospective US cohort studies, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis. BMJ :m513. doi:10.1136/bmj.m513
  13. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (2010). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA Journal 8(3). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459
  14. Estruch et al. (2018). Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. New England Journal of Medicine 378(25). doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1800389
  15. Farvid et al. (2014). Dietary Linoleic Acid and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Circulation 130(18):1568-1578. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010236
  16. Gardiner et al. (2023). The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews 69:101764. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
  17. Guasch-Ferré et al. (2022). Consumption of Olive Oil and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among U.S. Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 79(2):101-112. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.041
  18. Ha et al. (2014). Effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Canadian Medical Association Journal 186(8):E252-E262. doi:10.1503/cmaj.131727
  19. Hall et al. (2019). Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. Cell Metabolism 30(1):67-77.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008
  20. Hall et al. (2018). Glucotypes reveal new patterns of glucose dysregulation. PLOS Biology 16(7):e2005143. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005143
  21. He et al. (2013). Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 346(apr03 3):f1325-f1325. doi:10.1136/bmj.f1325
  22. Hooper et al. (2018). Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018(11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011094.pub4
  23. Imamura et al. (2015). Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. BMJ :h3576. doi:10.1136/bmj.h3576
  24. Kim et al. (2019). Plant‐Based Diets Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and All‐Cause Mortality in a General Population of Middle‐Aged Adults. Journal of the American Heart Association 8(16). doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.012865
  25. Klein et al. (2015). Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 28(6):675-686. doi:10.1111/jhn.12286
  26. Koski et al. (2022). Foodborne illness outbreaks linked to unpasteurised milk and relationship to changes in state laws – United States, 1998–2018. Epidemiology and Infection 150. doi:10.1017/s0950268822001649
  27. Lane et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ :e077310. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077310
  28. Langer et al. (2012). Nonpasteurized Dairy Products, Disease Outbreaks, and State Laws—United States, 1993–2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18(3):385-391. doi:10.3201/eid1803.111370
  29. Launholt et al. (2020). Safety and side effects of apple vinegar intake and its effect on metabolic parameters and body weight: a systematic review. European Journal of Nutrition 59(6):2273-2289. doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02214-3
  30. Lennerz et al. (2021). Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet”. Current Developments in Nutrition 5(12):nzab133. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzab133
  31. Liu et al. (2022). Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss. New England Journal of Medicine 386(16):1495-1504. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2114833
  32. Lowe et al. (2020). Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity. JAMA Internal Medicine 180(11):1491. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4153
  33. Malik et al. (2010). Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 33(11):2477-2483. doi:10.2337/dc10-1079
  34. Manson et al. (2019). Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 380(1):33-44. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1809944
  35. Marklund et al. (2019). Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. Circulation 139(21):2422-2436. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038908
  36. Micha et al. (2010). Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 121(21):2271-2283. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.924977
  37. Morton et al. (2018). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine 52(6):376-384. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608
  38. Mozaffarian et al. (2006). Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health. JAMA 296(15):1885. doi:10.1001/jama.296.15.1885
  39. Mozaffarian et al. (2006). Trans Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 354(15):1601-1613. doi:10.1056/NEJMra054035
  40. Muraki et al. (2013). Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies. BMJ 347(aug28 1):f5001-f5001. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5001
  41. Neal et al. (2021). Effect of Salt Substitution on Cardiovascular Events and Death. New England Journal of Medicine 385(12):1067-1077. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2105675
  42. Orlich et al. (2013). Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Internal Medicine 173(13):1230. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6473
  43. Poole et al. (2017). Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ :j5024. doi:10.1136/bmj.j5024
  44. Popkin et al. (2010). Water, hydration, and health. Nutrition Reviews 68(8):439-458. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x
  45. Reynolds et al. (2019). Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The Lancet 393(10170):434-445. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31809-9
  46. Rizzo et al. (2016). Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients 8(12):767. doi:10.3390/nu8120767
  47. Sacks et al. (2017). Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 136(3). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510
  48. Sacks et al. (2001). Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet. New England Journal of Medicine 344(1):3-10. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101043440101
  49. Satija et al. (2017). Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 70(4):411-422. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.047
  50. Shah et al. (2019). Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Healthy Nondiabetic Participants: A Multicenter Prospective Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104(10):4356-4364. doi:10.1210/jc.2018-02763
  51. Shangguan et al. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of Food Labeling Effects on Consumer Diet Behaviors and Industry Practices. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 56(2):300-314. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.09.024
  52. Sievert et al. (2019). Effect of breakfast on weight and energy intake: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ :l42. doi:10.1136/bmj.l42
  53. Song et al. (2021). Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine 18(10):e1003765. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003765
  54. Te Morenga et al. (2012). Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ 346(jan15 3):e7492-e7492. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7492
  55. Wastyk et al. (2021). Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. Cell 184(16):4137-4153.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019
  56. Wikoff et al. (2017). Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food and Chemical Toxicology 109:585-648. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002
  57. Willett et al. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet 393(10170):447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4
  58. Willett et al. (2020). Milk and Health. New England Journal of Medicine 382(7):644-654. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1903547
  59. Zeevi et al. (2015). Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses. Cell 163(5):1079-1094. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001
  60. Zhong et al. (2019). Associations of Dietary Cholesterol or Egg Consumption With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. JAMA 321(11):1081. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.1572

🚶 Physical Activity

  1. Arem et al. (2015). Leisure Time Physical Activity and Mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine 175(6):959. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0533
  2. Banach et al. (2023). The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 30(18):1975-1985. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad229
  3. Behm et al. (2016). Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41(1):1-11. doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0235
  4. Bolland et al. (2018). Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 6(11):847-858. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30265-1
  5. Buffey et al. (2022). The Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 52(8):1765-1787. doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01649-4
  6. Bull et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine 54(24):1451-1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  7. Celis-Morales et al. (2017). Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study. BMJ :j1456. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1456
  8. Chaput et al. (2020). 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years: summary of the evidence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01037-z
  9. Colberg et al. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 39(11):2065-2079. doi:10.2337/dc16-1728
  10. Cramer et al. (2013). YOGA FOR DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Depression and Anxiety 30(11):1068-1083. doi:10.1002/da.22166
  11. DiPietro et al. (2013). Three 15-min Bouts of Moderate Postmeal Walking Significantly Improves 24-h Glycemic Control in Older People at Risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Diabetes Care 36(10):3262-3268. doi:10.2337/dc13-0084
  12. Ebi et al. (2021). Hot weather and heat extremes: health risks. The Lancet 398(10301):698-708. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01208-3
  13. Ekelund et al. (2016). Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. The Lancet 388(10051):1302-1310. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30370-1
  14. Ekelund et al. (2019). Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis. BMJ :l4570. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4570
  15. Erickson et al. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(7):3017-3022. doi:10.1073/pnas.1015950108
  16. Foster et al. (2018). Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. The Lancet 391(10137):2368-2383. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30489-6
  17. Fransen et al. (2015). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015(1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004376.pub3
  18. Gasparrini et al. (2015). Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study. The Lancet 386(9991):369-375. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0
  19. Hamer et al. (2008). Walking and primary prevention: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine 42(4):238-243. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.039974
  20. Hammons et al. (2011). Is Frequency of Shared Family Meals Related to the Nutritional Health of Children and Adolescents?. Pediatrics 127(6):e1565-e1574. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1440
  21. Hayden et al. (2021). Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021(10). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009790.pub2
  22. Irish et al. (2015). The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence. Sleep Medicine Reviews 22:23-36. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001
  23. Jay et al. (2021). Reducing the health effects of hot weather and heat extremes: from personal cooling strategies to green cities. The Lancet 398(10301):709-724. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01209-5
  24. Knowler (Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group) (2002). Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. New England Journal of Medicine 346(6):393-403. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa012512
  25. Kredlow et al. (2015). The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 38(3):427-449. doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6
  26. Leong et al. (2015). Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The Lancet 386(9990):266-273. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62000-6
  27. Livingston et al. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet 396(10248):413-446. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6
  28. Mandsager et al. (2018). Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing. JAMA Network Open 1(6):e183605. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605
  29. MCTIERNAN et al. (2019). Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51(6):1252-1261. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001937
  30. Momma et al. (2022). Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine 56(13):755-763. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105061
  31. Moore et al. (2016). Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Internal Medicine 176(6):816. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548
  32. Mottola et al. (2018). 2019 Canadian guideline for physical activity throughout pregnancy. British Journal of Sports Medicine 52(21):1339-1346. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100056
  33. Noetel et al. (2024). Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 384:e075847. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-075847
  34. Northey et al. (2018). Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine 52(3):154-160. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096587
  35. O’Donovan et al. (2017). Association of “Weekend Warrior” and Other Leisure Time Physical Activity Patterns With Risks for All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine 177(3):335. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8014
  36. Paluch et al. (2022). Daily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts. The Lancet Public Health 7(3):e219-e228. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00302-9
  37. Piercy et al. (2018). The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA 320(19):2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854
  38. Ross et al. (2016). Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 134(24). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461
  39. Saint-Maurice et al. (2020). Association of Daily Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA 323(12):1151. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1382
  40. Schuch et al. (2018). Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry 175(7):631-648. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194
  41. Sherrington et al. (2019). Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019(1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2
  42. Singh et al. (2023). Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine 57(18):1203-1209. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195
  43. Skou et al. (2015). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Total Knee Replacement. New England Journal of Medicine 373(17):1597-1606. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1505467
  44. Sohn et al. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry 19(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
  45. Stamatakis et al. (2022). Association of wearable device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity with mortality. Nature Medicine 28(12):2521-2529. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02100-x
  46. Trauer et al. (2015). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia. Annals of Internal Medicine 163(3):191-204. doi:10.7326/M14-2841
  47. Vispute et al. (2011). The Effect of Abdominal Exercise on Abdominal Fat. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25(9):2559-2564. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb4a46
  48. Warburton et al. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity. Current Opinion in Cardiology 32(5):541-556. doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
  49. Watson et al. (2018). High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 33(2):211-220. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3284
  50. Weston et al. (2014). High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine 48(16):1227-1234. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576
  51. Wieland et al. (2022). Yoga for chronic non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2022(11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010671.pub3

🌙 Sleep

  1. AAP Adolescent Sleep Working Group (2014). School Start Times for Adolescents. Pediatrics 134(3):642-649. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1697
  2. Altena et al. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. Journal of Sleep Research 29(4). doi:10.1111/jsr.13052
  3. Benjafield et al. (2019). Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 7(8):687-698. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30198-5
  4. Brooks et al. (2006). A Brief Afternoon Nap Following Nocturnal Sleep Restriction: Which Nap Duration is Most Recuperative?. Sleep 29(6):831-840. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.6.831
  5. Cappuccio et al. (2010). Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Sleep 33(5):585-592. doi:10.1093/sleep/33.5.585
  6. Cappuccio et al. (2008). Meta-Analysis of Short Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children and Adults. Sleep 31(5):619-626. doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619
  7. Cappuccio et al. (2011). Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. European Heart Journal 32(12):1484-1492. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007
  8. Cappuccio et al. (2010). Quantity and Quality of Sleep and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 33(2):414-420. doi:10.2337/dc09-1124
  9. Chang et al. (2015). Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(4):1232-1237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112
  10. Chung et al. (2008). STOP Questionnaire. Anesthesiology 108(5):812-821. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4
  11. Connor et al. (2002). Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study. BMJ 324(7346):1125.1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1125
  12. Depner et al. (2019). Ad libitum Weekend Recovery Sleep Fails to Prevent Metabolic Dysregulation during a Repeating Pattern of Insufficient Sleep and Weekend Recovery Sleep. Current Biology 29(6):957-967.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.069
  13. Drake et al. (2013). Caffeine Effects on Sleep Taken 0, 3, or 6 Hours before Going to Bed. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 9(11):1195-1200. doi:10.5664/jcsm.3170
  14. Ebrahim et al. (2013). Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 37(4). doi:10.1111/acer.12006
  15. Erland et al. (2017). Melatonin Natural Health Products and Supplements: Presence of Serotonin and Significant Variability of Melatonin Content. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 13(2):275-281. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6462
  16. Ferracioli-Oda et al. (2013). Meta-Analysis: Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary Sleep Disorders. PLoS ONE 8(5):e63773. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063773
  17. Freeman et al. (2017). The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry 4(10):749-758. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30328-0
  18. Gardiner et al. (2023). The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews 69:101764. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
  19. Gasparrini et al. (2015). Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study. The Lancet 386(9991):369-375. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0
  20. Glass et al. (2005). Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. BMJ 331(7526):1169. doi:10.1136/bmj.38623.768588.47
  21. Hertenstein et al. (2018). Reference Data for Polysomnography-Measured and Subjective Sleep in Healthy Adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 14(4):523-532. doi:10.5664/jcsm.7036
  22. Hirshkowitz et al. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health 1(1):40-43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
  23. Iqbal et al. (2012). A Review of Disaster-Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Opportunities for Prevention. American Journal of Public Health 102(10):1957-1963. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300674
  24. Irish et al. (2015). The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence. Sleep Medicine Reviews 22:23-36. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001
  25. Jay et al. (2021). Reducing the health effects of hot weather and heat extremes: from personal cooling strategies to green cities. The Lancet 398(10301):709-724. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01209-5
  26. Kecklund et al. (2016). Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep. BMJ :i5210. doi:10.1136/bmj.i5210
  27. Kovachy et al. (2013). Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric PTSD: Current Findings and Future Directions. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 9(5):501-510. doi:10.5664/jcsm.2678
  28. Mah et al. (2021). Oral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 21(1). doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03297-z
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  30. Mindell et al. (2015). Bedtime Routines for Young Children: A Dose-Dependent Association with Sleep Outcomes. Sleep 38(5):717-722. doi:10.5665/sleep.4662
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  32. Ohayon et al. (2004). Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Sleep Parameters From Childhood to Old Age in Healthy Individuals: Developing Normative Sleep Values Across the Human Lifespan. Sleep 27(7):1255-1273. doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255
  33. Okamoto-Mizuno et al. (2012). Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm. Journal of Physiological Anthropology 31(1). doi:10.1186/1880-6805-31-14
  34. Paruthi et al. (2016). Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 12(6):785-786. doi:10.5664/jcsm.5866
  35. Peppard et al. (2013). Increased Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Adults. American Journal of Epidemiology 177(9):1006-1014. doi:10.1093/aje/kws342
  36. Pietilä et al. (2018). Acute Effect of Alcohol Intake on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation During the First Hours of Sleep in a Large Real-World Sample of Finnish Employees: Observational Study. JMIR Mental Health 5(1):e23. doi:10.2196/mental.9519
  37. Prather et al. (2015). Behaviorally Assessed Sleep and Susceptibility to the Common Cold. Sleep 38(9):1353-1359. doi:10.5665/sleep.4968
  38. Qaseem et al. (2016). Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 165(2):125-133. doi:10.7326/M15-2175
  39. Rasch et al. (2013). About Sleep's Role in Memory. Physiological Reviews 93(2):681-766. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012
  40. Rhee et al. (2025). Breaking social media fads and uncovering the safety and efficacy of mouth taping in patients with mouth breathing, sleep disordered breathing, or obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review. PLOS One 20(5):e0323643. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323643
  41. Riemann et al. (2017). European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research 26(6):675-700. doi:10.1111/jsr.12594
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  43. Scott et al. (2021). Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Sleep Medicine Reviews 60:101556. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556
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  45. Tasali et al. (2022). Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults With Overweight in Real-life Settings. JAMA Internal Medicine 182(4):365. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.8098
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🧘 Stress

  1. Akhgarjand et al. (2022). Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy Research 36(11):4115-4124. doi:10.1002/ptr.7598
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  5. Bratman et al. (2015). Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(28):8567-8572. doi:10.1073/pnas.1510459112
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  7. Cain et al. (2025). Effects of cold-water immersion on health and wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 20(1):e0317615. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317615
  8. Cohen et al. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.. Psychological Bulletin 98(2):310-357. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
  9. Cohen et al. (2015). Does Hugging Provide Stress-Buffering Social Support? A Study of Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Infection and Illness. Psychological Science 26(2):135-147. doi:10.1177/0956797614559284
  10. Cregg et al. (2021). Gratitude Interventions: Effective Self-help? A Meta-analysis of the Impact on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Happiness Studies 22(1):413-445. doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00236-6
  11. Crum et al. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104(4):716-733. doi:10.1037/a0031201
  12. Cuijpers et al. (2010). Is guided self-help as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy for depression and anxiety disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Psychological Medicine 40(12):1943-1957. doi:10.1017/S0033291710000772
  13. Curran et al. (2019). Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016.. Psychological Bulletin 145(4):410-429. doi:10.1037/bul0000138
  14. Davis et al. (2016). Thankful for the little things: A meta-analysis of gratitude interventions.. Journal of Counseling Psychology 63(1):20-31. doi:10.1037/cou0000107
  15. de Witte et al. (2020). Effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes: a systematic review and two meta-analyses. Health Psychology Review 14(2):294-324. doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1627897
  16. Emmons et al. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84(2):377-389. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
  17. Fincham et al. (2023). Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Scientific Reports 13(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27247-y
  18. Frattaroli (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis.. Psychological Bulletin 132(6):823-865. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.823
  19. Galatzer-Levy et al. (2018). Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following potential trauma: A review and statistical evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review 63:41-55. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.008
  20. Garfin et al. (2020). The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure.. Health Psychology 39(5):355-357. doi:10.1037/hea0000875
  21. Goyal et al. (2014). Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being. JAMA Internal Medicine 174(3):357. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018
  22. Hobfoll et al. (2007). Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid–Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 70(4):283-315. doi:10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283
  23. Hoge et al. (2023). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Escitalopram for the Treatment of Adults With Anxiety Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 80(1):13. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3679
  24. Holman et al. (2014). Media’s role in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(1):93-98. doi:10.1073/pnas.1316265110
  25. Holt-Lunstad et al. (2010). Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review. PLoS Medicine 7(7):e1000316. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
  26. Keller et al. (2012). Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality.. Health Psychology 31(5):677-684. doi:10.1037/a0026743
  27. Khoury et al. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 78(6):519-528. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009
  28. Kivimäki et al. (2012). Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet 380(9852):1491-1497. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60994-5
  29. Kivimäki et al. (2015). Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals. The Lancet 386(10005):1739-1746. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60295-1
  30. Lehrer et al. (2020). Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Improves Emotional and Physical Health and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 45(3):109-129. doi:10.1007/s10484-020-09466-z
  31. Lundorff et al. (2017). Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 212:138-149. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.030
  32. MacBeth et al. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review 32(6):545-552. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
  33. Manzoni et al. (2008). Relaxation training for anxiety: a ten-years systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 8(1). doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-41
  34. Maslach et al. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry 15(2):103-111. doi:10.1002/wps.20311
  35. McEwen (1998). Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators. New England Journal of Medicine 338(3):171-179. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801153380307
  36. Moon et al. (2011). Widowhood and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 6(8):e23465. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023465
  37. Neff et al. (2013). A Pilot Study and Randomized Controlled Trial of the Mindful Self‐Compassion Program. Journal of Clinical Psychology 69(1):28-44. doi:10.1002/jclp.21923
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  39. Pennebaker (1997). Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process. Psychological Science 8(3):162-166. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x
  40. Penninx et al. (2021). Anxiety disorders. The Lancet 397(10277):914-927. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00359-7
  41. Roberts et al. (2015). Post‐exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long‐term adaptations in muscle to strength training. The Journal of Physiology 593(18):4285-4301. doi:10.1113/JP270570
  42. Rosengren et al. (2004). Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. The Lancet 364(9438):953-962. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17019-0
  43. Rozanski et al. (2019). Association of Optimism With Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality. JAMA Network Open 2(9):e1912200. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12200
  44. Salvagioni et al. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLOS ONE 12(10):e0185781. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185781
  45. Sherrington et al. (2019). Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019(1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2
  46. Sonnentag et al. (2007). The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work.. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 12(3):204-221. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204
  47. Tawakol et al. (2017). Relation between resting amygdalar activity and cardiovascular events: a longitudinal and cohort study. The Lancet 389(10071):834-845. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31714-7
  48. Trauer et al. (2015). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia. Annals of Internal Medicine 163(3):191-204. doi:10.7326/M14-2841
  49. Twohig-Bennett et al. (2018). The health benefits of the great outdoors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. Environmental Research 166:628-637. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.030
  50. Wang et al. (2018). Effect of tai chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial. BMJ :k851. doi:10.1136/bmj.k851
  51. White et al. (2019). Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Scientific Reports 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3
  52. Zaccaro et al. (2018). How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353

🚭 Risky Substances

  1. Allcott et al. (2020). The Welfare Effects of Social Media. American Economic Review 110(3):629-676. doi:10.1257/aer.20190658
  2. Anthenelli et al. (2016). Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet 387(10037):2507-2520. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0
  3. Aubin et al. (2012). Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: meta-analysis. BMJ 345(jul10 2):e4439-e4439. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4439
  4. Bagnardi et al. (2015). Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer 112(3):580-593. doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.579
  5. Bally et al. (2017). Risk of acute myocardial infarction with NSAIDs in real world use: bayesian meta-analysis of individual patient data. BMJ :j1909. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1909
  6. Boden et al. (2011). Alcohol and depression. Addiction 106(5):906-914. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03351.x
  7. Cahill et al. (2013). Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015(7). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2
  8. Clair et al. (2013). Association of Smoking Cessation and Weight Change With Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults With and Without Diabetes. JAMA 309(10):1014. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.1644
  9. Compton et al. (2016). Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use. New England Journal of Medicine 374(2):154-163. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1508490
  10. Dang et al. (2020). Alcoholic Liver Disease Epidemiology in the United States: A Retrospective Analysis of 3 US Databases. American Journal of Gastroenterology 115(1):96-104. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000380
  11. de Visser et al. (2016). Voluntary temporary abstinence from alcohol during “Dry January” and subsequent alcohol use.. Health Psychology 35(3):281-289. doi:10.1037/hea0000297
  12. Ebrahim et al. (2013). Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 37(4). doi:10.1111/acer.12006
  13. Foster et al. (2018). Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. The Lancet 391(10137):2368-2383. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30489-6
  14. Glass et al. (2005). Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. BMJ 331(7526):1169. doi:10.1136/bmj.38623.768588.47
  15. Gobbi et al. (2019). Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood. JAMA Psychiatry 76(4):426. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500
  16. Griswold et al. (2018). Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 392(10152):1015-1035. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2
  17. Hajek et al. (2019). A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 380(7):629-637. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1808779
  18. Hartmann-Boyce et al. (2018). Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019(1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5
  19. He et al. (2013). Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 346(apr03 3):f1325-f1325. doi:10.1136/bmj.f1325
  20. Hunt et al. (2018). No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 37(10):751-768. doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
  21. Jha et al. (2013). 21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine 368(4):341-350. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1211128
  22. Kaner et al. (2018). Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018(6). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004148.pub4
  23. Lindson et al. (2024). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2024(1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8
  24. Mehta et al. (2018). Short-term abstinence from alcohol and changes in cardiovascular risk factors, liver function tests and cancer-related growth factors: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 8(5):e020673. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020673
  25. Mohammad et al. (2018). Christmas, national holidays, sport events, and time factors as triggers of acute myocardial infarction: SWEDEHEART observational study 1998-2013. BMJ :k4811. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4811
  26. Nutt et al. (2010). Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet 376(9752):1558-1565. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6
  27. Öberg et al. (2011). Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. The Lancet 377(9760):139-146. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61388-8
  28. Phillips et al. (2004). Cardiac Mortality Is Higher Around Christmas and New Year’s Than at Any Other Time. Circulation 110(25):3781-3788. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000151424.02045.F7
  29. Popova et al. (2017). Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 5(3):e290-e299. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30021-9
  30. Qaseem et al. (2016). Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 165(2):125-133. doi:10.7326/M15-2175
  31. Riemann et al. (2017). European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research 26(6):675-700. doi:10.1111/jsr.12594
  32. Roerecke et al. (2017). The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health 2(2):e108-e120. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30003-8
  33. Rumgay et al. (2021). Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study. The Lancet Oncology 22(8):1071-1080. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5
  34. Sargent et al. (2004). Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study. BMJ 328(7446):977-980. doi:10.1136/bmj.38055.715683.55
  35. Seifert et al. (2011). Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Pediatrics 127(3):511-528. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3592
  36. Shah et al. (2019). Impact of High Volume Energy Drink Consumption on Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Parameters: A Randomized Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association 8(11). doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.011318
  37. Simonavicius et al. (2019). Heat-not-burn tobacco products: a systematic literature review. Tobacco Control 28(5):582-594. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054419
  38. Sohn et al. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry 19(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
  39. Stevens et al. (2021). Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55(6):553-568. doi:10.1177/0004867420962851
  40. Volkow et al. (2014). Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use. New England Journal of Medicine 370(23):2219-2227. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1402309
  41. Voskoboinik et al. (2020). Alcohol Abstinence in Drinkers with Atrial Fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine 382(1):20-28. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1817591
  42. Wardle et al. (2024). The Lancet Public Health Commission on gambling. The Lancet Public Health 9(11):e950-e994. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00167-1
  43. Waziry et al. (2016). The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis: Table 1.. International Journal of Epidemiology :dyw021. doi:10.1093/ije/dyw021
  44. Wikoff et al. (2017). Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food and Chemical Toxicology 109:585-648. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002
  45. Wood et al. (2018). Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. The Lancet 391(10129):1513-1523. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30134-X
  46. Zalsman et al. (2016). Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. The Lancet Psychiatry 3(7):646-659. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30030-X
  47. Zhao et al. (2023). Association Between Daily Alcohol Intake and Risk of All-Cause Mortality. JAMA Network Open 6(3):e236185. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6185

🤝 Social Connection

  1. ALGOE et al. (2010). It's the little things: Everyday gratitude as a booster shot for romantic relationships. Personal Relationships 17(2):217-233. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01273.x
  2. Alimujiang et al. (2019). Association Between Life Purpose and Mortality Among US Adults Older Than 50 Years. JAMA Network Open 2(5):e194270. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4270
  3. Allcott et al. (2020). The Welfare Effects of Social Media. American Economic Review 110(3):629-676. doi:10.1257/aer.20190658
  4. Bethell et al. (2019). Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental and Relational Health in a Statewide Sample. JAMA Pediatrics 173(11):e193007. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3007
  5. Bonanno (2004). Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?. American Psychologist 59(1):20-28. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
  6. Buettner et al. (2016). Blue Zones. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 10(5):318-321. doi:10.1177/1559827616637066
  7. Bull et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine 54(24):1451-1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  8. Cohen et al. (2015). Does Hugging Provide Stress-Buffering Social Support? A Study of Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Infection and Illness. Psychological Science 26(2):135-147. doi:10.1177/0956797614559284
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