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Myth or fact: the carnivore diet is the healthiest diet

Updated Six Habits Editorial Team
The short answerMyth. There are no quality studies of the carnivore diet. The largest study is an online survey of followers, who reported feeling well but had very high LDL cholesterol. Meanwhile, large studies link red and processed meat to higher risk of cancer and heart disease.

Key points

Myth: humans only need meat and plants are harmful

“Carnivore” influencers eat only meat, fish, eggs and animal fat, claiming that plants contain “antinutrients” and that meat cures everything.

Fact: there is no evidence, and the risks are known

A survey of followers. The largest study surveyed more than 2,000 adults following a carnivore diet. Participants reported satisfaction and better well-being, but they had markedly elevated LDL cholesterol. The authors stressed that the design (self-selection, self-report, no control group) does not allow conclusions about benefit or safety (Lennerz et al., 2021).

Meat and cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified processed meat as a group 1 carcinogen and red meat as group 2A, mainly because of colorectal cancer (Bouvard et al., 2015).

Plants and longevity. The EAT–Lancet Commission recommends a diet built on vegetables, fruit, whole grains, legumes and nuts, with small amounts of red meat (Willett et al., 2019).

Frequently asked questions

Why do people on the carnivore diet say they feel better?

They often cut out sweets, fast food and alcohol, which improves how anyone feels. Expectation and self-selection also play a role: people for whom the diet worked are more likely to answer surveys.

What about keto?

A ketogenic diet can include vegetables, nuts and oils. Carnivore is an extreme version with no plants. Both are worth discussing with a doctor.

Sources

  1. Lennerz et al. (2021). Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet”. Current Developments in Nutrition 5(12):nzab133. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzab133
  2. Bouvard et al. (2015). Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. The Lancet Oncology 16(16):1599-1600. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00444-1
  3. Willett et al. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet 393(10170):447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4

Prepared according to our evidence methodology and the principles of lifestyle medicine. For education only; it does not replace advice from your doctor.

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